使用Solmate的ERC721标准。

Foundry NFT

Usage

安装依赖

1	forge install transmissions11/solmate Openzeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts

transmissions11/solmate ：节省gas而优化的ERC721标准实现；
Openzeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts：包含了OpenZeppelin提供的智能合约库，这些库广泛用于提供安全性和遵循最佳实践的智能合约开发。。

编写基本NFT合约

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.20;

// 引入ERC721
import "solmate/tokens/ERC721.sol";
// 其实Strings.sol并非NFT合约的必须引入项
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

contract NFT is ERC721 {
    uint256 public currentTokenId;//当前TokenId

    constructor(
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC721(_name, _symbol) {}

	//mint一个NFT
    function mintTo(address recipient) public payable returns (uint256) {
        uint256 newItemId = ++currentTokenId;
        _safeMint(recipient, newItemId);//使用ERC721的方法
        return newItemId;
    }
	
    function tokenURI(
        uint256 id
    ) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return Strings.toString(id);
    }
}

使用CAST操作合约

铸造NFT

1	cast send --rpc-url=$RPC_URL <contractAddress> "mintTo(address)" <mintAddress> --private-key=$PRIVATE_KEY

查看NFT归属

1	cast call --rpc-url=$RPC_URL --private-key=$PRIVATE_KEY <contractAddress> "ownerOf(uint256)" 1

测试NFT

这块儿好粗略，就留下代码吧！

src/NFT.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.20;

import "solmate/tokens/ERC721.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Strings.sol"; //Strings的工具类
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/access/Ownable.sol"; //据说实现了让一些方法实现所有权管理功能，如转移所有权和限制访问。但这里的代码...没有实现

//定义了三个错误
error MintPriceNotPaid();
error MaxSupply();
error NonExistentTokenURI();

//ERC721是NFT的实现
// Ownable是权限管理的实现，这里好像没用到，虽然写了
contract NFT is ERC721, Ownable {
    uint256 public currentTokenId;
    string public baseURI; //NFT的元数据
    uint256 public constant MAX_CAPACITY = 10_000; //最大发行量
    uint256 public constant MINT_PRICE = 0.05 ether; //铸造需要的ether
    constructor(
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        string memory _baseURI
    ) ERC721(_name, _symbol) Ownable(msg.sender) {
        baseURI = _baseURI;
    }

    function mintTo(address recipient) public payable returns (uint256) {
        //检查是否花够了MINT费用
        if (msg.value != MINT_PRICE) {
            revert MintPriceNotPaid();
        }
        //创建一个新的ID
        uint256 newItemId = ++currentTokenId;
        //查询发行量是否超出
        if (newItemId > MAX_CAPACITY) {
            revert MaxSupply();
        }
        //调用ERC721的mint
        _safeMint(recipient, newItemId);
        return newItemId;
    }

    function tokenURI(
        uint256 id
    ) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        //查询该ID是否有效
        if (ownerOf(id) == address(0)) {
            revert NonExistentTokenURI();
        }
        //返回元数据
        if (bytes(baseURI).length > 0) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, Strings.toString(id)));
        } else {
            return "";
        }
    }
}

test/NFT.t.sol

pragma solidity 0.8.20;
import "forge-std/Test.sol";
import "../src/NFT.sol";
contract NFTTest is Test {
    NFT private nft;

    //初始化
    function setUp() public {
        nft = new NFT("NFT_tutorial", "TUT", "baseUri");
    }

    //测试未支付的情况下的铸造操作
    function test_RevertMintWithoutValue() public {
        vm.expectRevert(MintPriceNotPaid.selector);
        nft.mintTo(address(1));
    }

    //测试铸造的币数量错误
    function test_MintPricePaid() public {
        nft.mintTo{value: 0.08 ether}(address(1));
    }

    //测试0地址铸造
    function test_RevertMintToZeroAddress() public {
        vm.expectRevert("INVALID_RECIPIENT");
        nft.mintTo{value: 0.08 ether}(address(0));
    }
}